e‡OĘ*˜ ó Ž˜1EEŒÜ0g3å3!4ų4W:ē>q? @¢LE ¹N ‰S W Z ÜZ Õ[ »\ ] U^ ‡^ ņ`ÕaVjōjšl m m^m„mœwM{ŒƒK7§798!49e9 9!4 Ė5 B6 l5 ‡6 l5!ģ:!8<![<!y<!y<"=="Õ="ū=">">#*A#ĶA#!4#żA#4C#ŽF$¬I%éJ%żJ%ÅK&1G&I&ƒI&ƒI'žM(×L)CN*9O*IP*zP*ĀP*ĀP+YQ+oR+¢R+÷R+÷R,U,eU,U-V.jW.X.6X.{X/®X/cY/ƒY/ÓY0Ld1„d1Ze2©e2‘f2¹f2Üf2g 2]g3†g3Åh3-i3ui3j4n4np5”q5np6s7łs87t9ōv:M{;‚€ņƒ>l…>Ś…>™†>‡?Q‹@@l@ʍA]@BYJCŠ{DŪ|E¤}Ez~EĀ~’!€There are three ways to use HELP:!€$1. You may press the "?" key at any$„time during your work. The helptext that appears will apply to„the command you were using when you pressed "?". When you resume !„(by pressing "R"), your work will!„be exactly as you left it.2. You may view information onspecial topics right now by „selecting one of the topics listed at the„bottom of the screen. Type the!„first letter of the desired word.!%3. You may familiarize yourself with% „all the available information by "paging through the help text right"„now. Select "Next" (press "N")„"Previous" or "Start" page.€%If you need information on a specific%#€command, highlight the command name##on the proper menu (using the space#€bar) and press "?".€ €Applications €%The following table provides an index%€to the commands and helptopics which apply to common €questions. €%€If you need to: You should consult:%$enter data: Value, Lock, Help$“Keyboard€enter text: Alpha €use menus: Help Commands €enter arguments tocommands: Help Editing €edit text or %formulas: Help Editing, Edit,%“Alpha €do calculations: Help Formulas €use mathematical or financial functions: Help Formulas€move through the%sheet: Help Commands, Goto%create headings: Format (Continuous), “Window Split Titles €use data in inactive sheets: Xternal€define or deletenames for cells: Names €use names: Help Formulas €change the formatof numbers: Format€re-arrange sheetcontents: Copy, Delete, “Insert, Move €replicate dataor formulas: Copy!€clear the sheet: Transfer Clear! €save and load files: Transfer €show file directory: Transfer Load €increase speed: Option recalc €alphabetize: Sortž€EDITING€%The editing commands give you an easy%!€way to use what is already on the!&screen, so you do less typing. You can&!€use the editing commands any time!$you are entering or changing values,$€text, or formulas.€&€If you need to: Here is what you do:&€€Delete proposedresponse: Just type the replacement. ’Multiplan will auto-matically delete the’proposed response.€Append to proposed#response: To expand proposed#cell references, ’just type a colon (:) or otheroperator; in other’instances pressthe Character orWord Right key and’typethe rest of the’text.#Insert new text: Type the text. It#will be inserted in ’front of the highlighted cursor.Move the cursor if’necessary before’typing."Delete some text: Use backspace to"delete in front of ’the cursor. Use the delete keyto delete what is ’highlighted. Move the highlightas necessary before ’deletion. %Replace some text:Just delete the old%text and type the’new.$Move highlight: Use Character/Word$’Left/Right keys (see’under Keyboard).€€€FORMULAS€"Formulas are recipes for producing"€values. The table of functions%that may be used in formulas is shown%€below. Other parts of formulas"€are described following the table."€$The following functions operate on a$€set of values either given asarguments or contained in areas€referenced by the arguments:€%AND(list) Returns True if (and only% if) all values are True, Œotherwise Œreturns False.&€AVERAGE(list) = SUM(list)/COUNT(list).&%COUNT(list) number of values that are% given explicitly or by Œreference. "€MAX(list) largest of the values."#€MIN(list) smallest of the values.##NPV(d,list) Returns the Net Present# Value of the cash flows Œrepresented  by the values. The first parameter d is theŒdiscount rate.%OR(list) Returns True if (and only% if) any argument values Œare True, Œotherwise returns False.%STDEV(list) sample standard deviation%Œof the values.€SUM(list) sum of the values.€The other functions have fixed€arguments as shown:€!ABS(n) absolute value of the! Œnumber n. ATAN(n) arctangent of n inŒradians.!COS(n) cosine of the angle n!Œgiven in radians."€COLUMN() current column number."#DOLLAR(n) the text string showing#Œthe value n in $ format.€EXP(n) e to the power n.$€FALSE() the logical value False.$$FIXED(n,m) the text containing n in$ Fix format with m Œdecimals.  m=0 is the same as IntŒformat.#IF(f,a,b) Returns a if f is True,#Œotherwise returns b.INDEX(vector,n) Returns the nthŒelement in the vector.$INDEX(area,n,m) Returns the value in$Œthe nth row and mth columnŒof the rectangular area.$INT(n) the largest integer that$ is less than or equal toŒn.%ISERROR(n) Returns True if (and only%Œif) n is an error value.%ISNA(n) Returns True if (and only%Œif) n is an #N/A value.$LEN(t) the length of the text t$Œin characters.&€LN(n) the base e logarithm of n.&$LOG10(n) the base 10 logarithm of$Œn.#LOOKUP(n,area) works as follows: If#$the area is higher than wide, n will$#be looked up in the first column of#the area. If n is less than the$first cell in the first row, #N/A is$#returned. Otherwise Multiplan scans#$for the row that in the first column$!contains the greatest number less! or equal to n. The result is the value in the last column of the$same row. For areas wider than high,$"rows and columns are interchanged."%MID(t,n,m) characters n through m of%Œthe text value t. MOD(n,m) the remainder of the Œinteger division n/m.!NA() returns the #N/A (not!Œavailable) value.NOT(f) the opposite of theŒTrue/False flag f.PI() the value of pi. Œ(3.1416...) !REPT(t,n) the text t repeated n!Œtimes."ROUND(n,m) n rounded to m decimal"Œplaces.#€ROW() the current row number.##SIGN(n) Returns -1 if n<0, 0 if#Œn=0, 1 otherwise.#SIN(n) the sine of the angle n#Œspecified in radians.!€SQRT(n) the square root of n.!$TAN(n) the tangent of the angle$Œn.#€TRUE() the logical value True.##VALUE(t) The text t must contain# the representation of aŒnumeric constant. The value ofŒthat constant is returned.€%Formulas are made by combining values%$€(text and numbers) and references to$%other cells with the usual arithmetic%€operations and other functions.!Numeric values are stored with 14!"€digits of precision (mantissa) and"&a decimal exponent ranging from -64 to&€+62. Numeric constants may be typed as integers (123), decimal &€fractions (123.001), or in exponential&"notation (123.001E3). The exponent"!€sign (E) may be typed in upper or!$lower case. Percentages may be typed$#€in, followed by percent sign (12%).#€%Text-valued constants are enclosed in% €double quotes (the constants may €not themselves contain quotes).€"Multiplan may produce error values"€that will propagate through the€operations. These are:€&#N/A not available: a special value&ˆthat may be created using theNA() function and that will beˆpropagated by arithmetic ˆoperations. ##NAME? result of an undefined name# ˆreference. %#NUM! result of overflow or illegal%ˆuse of arithmetic functionˆe.g. sqrt(-1).&#DIV/0! result of an attempt to divide&ˆby 0.##REF! relative reference reaching#ˆoutside the sheet or referenceˆto a deleted area. #NULL! intersection of disjoint ˆareas, e.g. R1 R2.!#VALUE! use of text value where a!number is needed or viceˆversa.Use of references in illegalcontexts when a value isˆneeded.€%Absolute references are special names%$€that incorporate absolute row and/or$#column numbers and that are used to##€refer to particular cells or groups#$of cells. A reference may be used to$!€get the value from the referenced! cell. Absolute references may be &€entered simply by using direction keys&"€followed by the Reference key (@)."€ RnCm (e.g., R2C3) refers to a ˆsingle cell. €Rn refers to all of row n."€Cn refers to all of column n.""Rn:m refers to rows n through m"ˆ(short for Rn:Rm.)%Cn:m refers to columns n through m%ˆ(short for Cn:Cm.)€%Relative references are measured from% €the cell containing the formula. They can be entered using the€direction keys. The forms are:€&R[-n], R[+n] are the nth row above and&ˆbelow the active cell.$C[-n], C[+n] are the nth column left$ˆand right of the active cell.ˆ(the + sign may be omitted)!R is the row containing the!ˆactive cell (i.e., R[0]).$C is the column containing the$ˆactive cell (i.e., C[0]).#and combinations of the above, e.g.#€R[-2]C.€Names may be defined to be any!absolute reference (with the Name! €command). A name may be used anywhere an%€absolute reference can be used. Names% must start with a letter and may %€contain letters, digits, periods, and%!underline characters. They may be!%€entered by pressing the Reference key%$(@) and stepping through the list of$#€defined names using the directional#€keys.€€The operators in formulas are:€€+ arithmetic addition€- subtraction€* multiplication€/ division%^ exponentiation. Calculated by%ˆthe rule: a^b = exp(ln(a)*b)for exponents that are notˆintegral numbers.€% percent, same as /100&& text string concatenation. The&ˆformula "$"&"1.00" will yield:ˆ"$1.00"."<, <=, =, >=, >, <> are comparison"ˆoperators: less, less orequal, equal, greater orˆequal, greater, and not equal.To be used for comparing ˆnumbers only. €&The operators require single values as&€operands. If presented with a#vector (a rectangular collection of# €cells of width or height =1), it $will be automatically intersected by$$€the current row or column, whichever$"is perpendicular to the vector, to"€obtain a single value.€%The following three operators operate%€on groups (sets) of cells:€&(space) intersection of two areas, the&ˆcollection of cells thatˆbelong to both operands.%, union of the two areas; cells%ˆthat belong to either operand.%: range operator: the smallest%ˆrectangular collection ofcells that includes all cellsˆin either operand.For example, R1C1:R2C2 is theˆrectangle with R1C1 as itsupper left corner and R2C2 asˆits lower right corner.ž€COMMAND OVERVIEW€%The Multiplan worksheet consists of a%"€grid of up to 63 columns in width,"&and 255 rows in length. The screen has&€one or more "windows" into"the worksheet, and an area showing"#€command, message, and status lines.#$The message line suggests the action$€to be taken or explains errors when they occur. The status line "€displays coordinates of the active"!cell, its contents, percentage of!&€storage remaining, and worksheet name.&$There is a highlighted "active cell"$#€on the worksheet. The highlight can#be moved around by pressing the&€direction keys. The same keys are also&"used for scrolling the contents of"$€windows. The Home key may be used to$€go to row 1 column 1 quickly.€#The command menu offers a choice of#$€commands. To get going, you need to:$"1. Select an active cell. The"direction keys may be used.ˆThesame keys also scroll theˆworksheet in the window.#2. Select a command. There are#ˆtwo ways to do this. You canmove the highlight to aˆcommand word using the spaceor backspace keys and thenˆpress RETURN. Or, type thefirst letter of the commandˆword.A new and more specificˆcommand menu or the parameterfields with the proposedˆresponses will be displayed.%3. Specify the parameters of the%ˆcommand. The TAB key may beused to move from field tofield. See "Editing" for other ˆuseful tips. %4. You may use the Cancel key at%any time to return to the mainˆmenu.$5. Press RETURN. The command is$ˆnow carried out.ž%€Press "?" for additional information.%€€ALPHA€ Used to enter or edit alpha text €terminated by RETURN. An emptystring of characters may not be€entered with this command.€ €ALPHA/VALUE €If an Alpha or Value command is€terminated with a direction keyor any other key that moves the€cursor, Multiplan will respond!with ALPHA/VALUE, ready to accept!!€another alpha or value entry. The!$first character typed will determine$€the type of entry. The#characters 0 through 9, =, +, -, (,#€and " select VALUE; all€other characters select ALPHA.€%This process may be repeated to enter%€a sequence of text or values.€!If the text is too long, an error!#€message will result. Note also that#%double quotes may not be used in text%€strings.ž€BLANK€ Blanks out contents of specified €cell(s).€&The parameter must describe an area of&€the sheet. Check if all names$have been defined and also check the$!€use of parentheses and operators.!&For more information select "Formulas"&€(F) on the Help Menu.ž€€COPY€#Replicates cell contents into other#€cells. A variety of sources and€destinations is provided.€%Overlapping copying is not permitted.% €The from: and to: area must have €compatible shape.€ €COPY FROM €$Copies contents and format of a cell$&€or group of cells to another location.&€Parameters are:€&1. Description of a cell or the group&„of cells to be copied.€!2. Area to be filled with single!„source cell, or upper left cell where the source group should be !„copied. Copy from a source into a!similarly shaped target area is„also permitted.€ €COPY RIGHT €&Used to make a row of identical values&€or formulas. Parameters are:€&1. Number of copies to be made to the&„right of the "source".Total number of identical cellswill be this number +1 (the „original). €#2. This parameter (the "source" of# „copying), is usually left as the !active cell which is the proposed!„response. A vertical group ("vector") may be copied instead „to create a matrix.€€€ €COPY DOWN €$Used to fill a column with identical$$€values or formulas. Parameters are:$€%1. Number of copies to be made below% „the "source". €#2. This is the source of the copy,#„usually left as the active cell!which is the proposed response. A!„horizontal group ("vector")may be copied instead to form a„matrix.ž€DELETE€Deletes all or parts of rows or"€columns. Space is closed up, hence""cells to the right of or below the"€deleted area will move.€ €DELETE ROWS €$Deletes all or part of row(s); space$#€will be closed up; formulas, names,#€and references are adjusted.$To delete the active row, just press$€RETURN.&Effects of deletions on references and&€formulas, as well as on$structures of rows and columns, must$€be carefully considered.€The parameters are:€ €1. Number of rows to be deleted €2. First row to be deleted$3.4.These two parameters are usually$"„left as proposed. They may be used" to limit the deletion to a range „of columns. Cells below the range will move up to occupy the „deleted space.€€DELETE COLUMNS€!Deletes all or part of column(s);!"€space will be closed up; formulas,"#names, and references are adjusted.#€Parameters are:€#€1. Number of columns to be deleted#€2. First column to be deleted$3.4.These two parameters are usually$„left as proposed. They may beused to limit the deletion to a„range of rows. Cells to the!right of the range will move left!„to occupy the deleted space.ž€EDIT€Puts contents of active cell on €command line for editing. Edited value is reassigned to cell when €RETURN is pressed.€&When editing formulas, check carefully&€before pressing RETURN.#€Use the Alpha command to edit text.#€Press "E" now to see section on€Editing.ž€FORMAT€$Presents four options for formatting$€cells as described below:€€€FORMAT DEFAULT CELLS€!Used to change the format for all!€cells that have the "Def"%property. The desired format (as well%€as alignment) is described%€under the Format Cells command below.%€ €FORMAT CELLS €$Sets a specific format and alignment$€for one or more cells. Just#typing "FC" shows the properties of# €the active cell. Parameters are: € 1. Cell or group of cells to be „formatted. €2. Alignment. Choices are:€"Def Aligns as specified in the"ˆFormat Default command.€Ctr Centers cell entries#Gen (General) Aligns text left,#ˆnumbers right."Left Aligns cell entries to the"ˆleft."Right Aligns cell entries to the"ˆright. €- Do not change alignment. €€3. Format. Choices are:€"Def Format as specified in the"ˆFormat Default command."Cont Continues long text across"ˆcolumn border, if next cellempty and also formattedˆ"Cont".&Exp (Scientific notation) Displays&ˆnumbers as a decimal times apower of ten. Number of digitsas specified in "# of ˆdecimals." %Fix Rounds to and displays number%ˆof decimals specifiedˆin "# of decimals" field.%Gen (General) Displays numbers in%ˆthe most appropriate formconsidering the size of theˆcell and of the number. Int Numbers will be shown as ˆintegers after rounding.%$ Displays numbers with leading%ˆdollar sign and 2 decimalplaces (negative numbersˆenclosed in parentheses).$* (Bar Graph) Displays as many$asterisks as the value of theˆnumber.%% (percent) Displays the number%times 100 followed by a ˆpercent sign. €- Do not change format.€$4. Number of decimals. This is used$in the Exp, Fix and % formats„above.€€ €FORMAT WIDTH €#Sets width (3 to 32 characters) for# €specified column(s). Multiplan's initial default width is 10 €characters. €#Text (words) are cut off at edge of#&€column, but cell content is preserved.&$Widen column to display entire text,$€or use Format Cells (Continuous%€format) to run text into next column.%€$Numbers too wide to be displayed are$€indicated by # signs. Widen#€column(s) to display entire number.#€€Parameters are:€$1. Width of column in characters. A$„"D" will cause the columns touse the "default width" (See„Format Default width).#€2.3.Range of columns to be changed.#€€FORMAT DEFAULT€%Used to set formatting for cells with%€"Default" formatting, width&for columns that have "Default" width,&!€and for other formatting options.!€€€FORMAT DEFAULT WIDTH€#Used to change the width of columns#€that have "Default" width.$Initially all columns have "Default"$€width.€€FORMAT OPTIONS€&"comma" option: when selected, numbers&„will be displayed withcommas separating every third„digit before the decimalpoint. This affects only fixed,integer, percent and dollar„formats."formulas" option: the formulas„themselves will be shown, notthe numerical values of the„formulas. All field widths will be automatically doubled to „accommodate the formulas„when this option is turned on.ž€GOTO€%€Used to move cell pointer over sheet.%€ €GOTO ROW-COL €Moves cell pointer directly to!€specified row and column. If cell!&requested is already visible window is& €not moved. "Otherwise window is shifted to the"€specified cell.€ €GOTO NAME €"Moves cell pointer directly to the" €upper left corner of named area. &The direction keys may be used to step&€through the directory of names.€ €GOTO WINDOW €"Moves worksheet so that the active" €cell is at the upper left corner €of the designated window.ž€INSERT€#Used to insert new blank cells into# €the sheet. Existing cells may be %€moved to make room for the new cells.%€ €INSERT ROW €$Inserts entire blank rows across the$"€sheet, or portions of rows between"#specified columns. Rows below added#"€rows(s) are moved down. References"$affected by insertions are adjusted.$€Name definitions are adjusted€accordingly. Parameters are:€"1. Number of new blank rows to be" „inserted. "2. The new space will be inserted" „before the contents of this row. %3.4.These parameters are usually left%„with the proposed values.They may be used to limit the„insertion to between the„specified columns.€ €INSERT COLUMN €$Inserts entire columns in the sheet,$$€or partial columns between specified$!rows. Columns to the right of the!%€space inserted move right. References%$affected by insertions are adjusted.$€Name definitions are adjusted€accordingly. Parameters are:€%1. Number of new blank columns to be%„created.%2. The new space will be inserted to% „the left of the contents of this „column.%3.4.These parameters are usually left%„with the proposed values.They may be used to limit the„insertion to between the„specified rows.ž€LOCK€Used to protect specified cell€contents and formulas fromunintentional change by other €commands. The Lock Cells command €can also unlock cells. In a worksheet the next unlocked €non-blank cell can be easilylocated by a special key (see €Keyboard). Note that values imported from$€external sheets may be unlocked only$€by the eXternal Copy command.€ €LOCK CELLS €#Used to protect specific cells from#%€unintentional change. Parameters are:% 1. Cell or group of cells to be „locked (unlocked)."2. Shows current state (Locked or"!„Unlocked) of current cell. Use to!„specify desired state.€ €LOCK FORMULAS €$If confirmed, all cells in the sheet$"€that contain text or formulas will"#be locked. This may be a convenient#€first step in creating a locked&sheet. You may, however, wish to leave&€certain text strings unlocked€or lock some important numbers.€ž€MOVE€"Used to move whole rows or columns"€from one place to another.€€€MOVE ROW€"Moves whole rows from one place to" €another in the sheet. References %affected by the move are adjusted, as%€are definitions of names.€Parameters are:€€1. First row to be moved.&2. Moved rows will appear in front of&„the contents of this row.$3. Number of consecutive rows to be$„moved.€ €MOVE COLUMN €%Moves whole columns from one place to% €another in the sheet. References %affected by the move are adjusted, as%€are definitions of names.€Parameters are:€€1. First column to be moved.$2. Moved columns will appear to the$left of the contents of this„column.$3. Number of consecutive columns to$ „be moved. ž€NAME€&Used to name a cell or group of cells.&!€The names may be used in formulas!&or in other commands. The name command&€is also useful for inspectingthe existing definitions. The€parameters are:€"1. Name to be defined. Names must"„start with a letter and may!contain letters, digits, periods,!„and underline characters. To review names already defined, "„use directional keys (right arrow:"next name, left arrow: previous„name).€&2. Definition of the cell(s) that the&„name is to refer to. Absolute references may be entered by use "„of direction keys. Groups of cells" are formed using a colon (:) for "„"ranges" or by using comma (,) for" „"unions". ž€OPTIONS€$This command lets you turn on or off$€various optional features of €Multiplan. €#"recalc" option: controls how often#„formula recalculations areperformed. "Yes" causes recalculation whenever a cell is „changed.!This may take some time on a busy!„sheet. To get quicker response turn the option off and „press the Recalc key (!)!when you desire to see up-to-date!„results.€#"mute" option: silences the audible#„alarm.€!"iteration" option: when "Yes" is!„selected, the recalculation ofworksheets with circular!„references will be repeated until! a completion test (see below) is „satisfied. The following special "functions may be used in iterative" „worksheets: DELTA(): returns the maximum"„change in the values of cells from"one iteration to another. By„referring to DELTA() from theworksheet more than once the„maximum change in a particularportion of the worksheet may be „calculated. ITERCNT(): returns #N/A during„normal recalculation and the!iteration count (starting with 1)!„during iteration.€&"completion test at" option: specifies&„the location of a formulafor completion test. Iteration„will end when this formula evaluates to TRUE. If the option „field is empty, the formula„DELTA()<0.001 will be used.ž€PRINT€$Used for printing of worksheets. The$%€menu command Printer starts printing.%&File prints printable output on a disk&€file; Margins sets margins to%be used; and Options defines the part%&€of the worksheet to be printed, allows&&insertion of a control line at the top&!€of the output, or prints formulas!€instead of their values.€&Time required to print depends on size&€of the sheet and the speed of €the printer. €&As many columns are printed across the&"€page as will fit. Leftover columns"$begin a new page. When all rows have$€been printed, the next set of!€columns will begin on a new page.!€ €PRINT Printer €€Starts printing on the printer.€ €PRINT FILE €%Directs printed output to a disk file%€instead of a printer."If a file of the same name exists," €Multiplan will ask permission to #replace it. Output to the file will#€start immediately.€%The parameter is the name of the file%!€to which output is to be printed.!€ €PRINT MARGINS €Used to set page dimensions for$€printed output. After the RETURN key$%is pressed, Multiplan will resume the%&€Print command for the selection of the&#Printer or the File to be used. The#€parameters are:€%€1. Left margin (in print positions.)% €2. Top margin (in print lines.) "3. Width of printable area on the"„page (in print positions.)#4. Height of printable area on the#„page (in print lines.)%€5. Height of pages (in print lines.)%ž €PRINT OPTIONS €%The options allow part of a worksheet%€to be printed, the insertion of$a control line at the top of output,$#€and printing of formulas instead of#%their values. After RETURN, Multiplan%!€will resume the Print command for!$the selection of the Printer or File$€to be used. The options are:€"1. Description of the rectangular"„group of cells that is to be!„printed (if not the whole sheet.)!%2. Arbitrary text may be sent to the%„printer using this parameter.3. A printout of the formulas(instead of the values of the „formulas) "can be obtained by selecting "Yes""„for the "formulas" option."4. The printing of row and column"numbers may be requested or „suppressed. ž€QUIT€&Ends Multiplan session when confirmed.&€This command will not save the"active sheet. Use Transfer Save to"!€save worksheet before using Quit.!ž€SORT€&You can sort any part of the worksheet& €using this command. The sort key %may be any designated column. Rows of%%€the worksheet will be exchanged until%#the values in the Key column are in#!€the selected order. Both text and! numeric values are allowed. Text !€values will be ordered before any!!numerical values. Empty cells are!€always sorted last.€$To create multi-level sorts, sort on$€the last key first, and proceed#backward sorting on the other keys.#€The parameters are:€€1. The key column number.%2.3.These parameters can restrict the%sort to a range of consecutive„rows.$4. Sort order. ">" means ascending,$„"<" means descending values.ž€TRANSFER€&The subcommands of TRANSFER affect the&€entire active worksheet or€saved worksheets.€ €TRANSFER LOAD €#Loads a worksheet from a disk file.#"€The parameter is the "filename" of"!the file. Spell and punctuate the! €filename exactly as it was saved €with Transfer Save.€!The direction keys may be used to!!display the file directory on the!€screen#€and then select a file by pointing.#€#Data may be automatically copied to#&€the loaded sheet from other supporting&!sheets. See XTERNAL COPY for more! €information. €Use TRANSFER OPTIONS to specify€special file formats. All#special format files will be merged#"€into the active sheet, rather than"€loaded as a whole.€ The filename must conform to the %€general rules of the Operating System%of the machine you use. Only$€worksheets saved in Multiplan may be$€loaded by TRANSFER LOAD.€$To create new worksheets, there must$"€be space available on the disk and"%€the disk must not be write-protected.%€ €TRANSFER SAVE €%Saves a copy of the current worksheet%&€as a disk file from which it can later&€be loaded with Transfer Load.€#The parameter is the "filename". If# €the filename already exists, the #message, "Overwrite existing file?"#$€will ask for confirmation to replace$!€that file with the new worksheet.!€$See TRANSFER OPTIONS for information$€on special file formats.€€TRANSFER CLEAR€ After confirmation, the sheet is €cleared. Columns are set to 10&characters wide, default format is set& €to General. €"Sheet name is set to TEMP, with no"€depending or supporting sheets.€€TRANSFER DELETE€#€Removes worksheet from file system.#€€TRANSFER OPTIONS€%Modifies the context of the following%€TRANSFER operations:€!The setup argument may be used to!#€specify the directory or disk drive#€for saving and loading files.€&The file "mode" may be used to set the&€desired file format for the#following Loads and Stores. This is# €important for data exchange with $other programs. "Normal mode" should$€be selected for all files thatare not used for interchange.#€"Symbolic" mode is used for loading#and saving of worksheets in the%€symbolic SYLK format. In "Other" mode%#VisiCalc (TM VisiCorp) format files#€may be loaded.€Great care should be taken to%€distinguish files that have different%€formats!€€TRANSFER RENAME€&Renames active sheet. Offers to update&%€references to the sheet on supporting%&and depending sheets. The parameter is&€the desired new name.ž€VALUE€Can be used to enter a value or€formula in the active cell. The#command is completed when RETURN is#€pressed. A directional key or#any other key that moves the cursor#€will also terminate the value%and move to the appropriate new cell.%€Multiplan will respond!with ALPHA/VALUE, ready to accept!€another alpha or value entry.#This feature is described under the#€Alpha command.€&The following simplifications are also& €available: €$Numbers may be entered directly. The$€Value command is entered auto-#matically when the leading digit is#€typed.€%The characters =, +, -, (, and " will%€also start the Value command.€#At the beginning of the formula and#€after entering an operator, a&relative reference can be entered just&€by pressing the direction keys$to move the highlight to the cell to$€be referenced. The reference&may be changed to Absolute by pressing&€the Reference (@) key.ž€WINDOW€%This command is used to control size,%!€number, and display of "windows",!%€which are subdivisions of the screen.%€€WINDOW SPLIT HORIZONTAL€&Splits active window across the screen&€at the row indicated. The new&window will occupy the space below the&€row selected, and may be#linked with the original window for#€synchronized scrolling in the€horizontal direction.€€WINDOW SPLIT VERTICAL€&Splits active window vertically at the& €column specified. The new window &may be linked with original window for&€synchronized scrolling€in the vertical direction.€€WINDOW SPLIT TITLES€ Splits active window into 2 or 4 €windows which scroll together.#This command is used to hold column#€titles or row headings in place$while cells are scrolled. Parameters$€are:€%1. Number of rows to become a window%„across the top of the screen.!2. Number of columns to become a!!„window at the left of the screen.!€#The remaining display space becomes#%€the active window which is linked for%#horizontal movement with the window##€above it, and for vertical movement#€with the window to its left.€Note that the acceptance of the"€proposed parameters will split the"$titles so that the current cell will$€be at the upper left corner of&€of the data area in the active window.&ž €WINDOW BORDER €$Used to border or to remove a border$€from a window.€#Note that borders occupy one screen#$€position on each side of the window,$#thus reducing the display area by 2#"€screen lines and 2 screen columns."€ €WINDOW CLOSE €#This command removes the designated#€window from the screen.€ €WINDOW LINK €!This command can set or break the!!€links for synchronized scrolling.!€Parameters are:€%1.2.These parameters define a pair of%„windows. In most cases theproposed values are acceptable.„Note that linking of windowsthat are not "neighbors" is not „permitted. #3. The parameter shows the current#!„state of linking, and may be used!to change the linking. The „direction of linking follows the „direction of window splits.ž€XTERNAL€!This group of commands deals with!!€references to inactive (external)! €worksheets. € €XTERNAL COPY €%Copies data from an external sheet to%€the active sheet. Optionally,#a permanent link may be established# €between the active sheet and the $source of the data. The Name command$€may be used immediately after!the copy to create a name for the!€target area that is related tothe name of the source%("filename.areaname".) The parameters%€are:€&1. External sheet name. The direction& „keys may be used to step through „names of the supporting sheets.!2. Name of the source area to be!!„copied on the external sheet. The! direction keys will step through !the permanently copied names from!„thesheet defined by the first „parameter. &3. Target area on the active sheet. A&„permanent link (see below) may be broken by deleting the target „area definition. 4. Link option. If "No" link is "„selected, the copy will be carried"out and the command will"terminate. If "Yes" is selected, a" „permanent link is established as described „below.€&Linked copies have a number of special&€properties: a permanent record#of the copy parameters will be kept#!€with the active sheet. Every time!%the sheet is loaded, the copying will%€be repeated so that the most$up-to-date information on the source$"€sheets - the "supporting" sheets -"$can be imported to the active sheet.$$€Whenever sheet relationships change,$$the supporting sheets may be updated$%€with a "receipt" showing which sheets%$"depend" on them. These lists may be$ €inspected using the XTERNAL LIST €command described below.€#The imported data will be locked on#"€the sheets. When a cell containing"!imported data is highlighted, the!€status line will show:€%€[source sheet name source area name]%€%Linking may be changed or broken only%€by redefining the target area&or deleting the target area definition&€in the XTERNAL COPY command.€ €XTERNAL LIST €$The relationships between the active$"€worksheet and other worksheets are" €displayed: €%"Sheets supporting" shows sheet names%"€and possibly a substitute name for"%worksheets which support (export data%€to) the active sheet;€%"Sheets depending on" lists filenames%!€of sheets which depend on (import! €data from) the active worksheet. €&Press any key to return to the display&€of the active sheet.€ €XTERNAL USE €Sets a substitute name for a$supporting sheet using the following$ €parameters: €#1. New sheet name to be used. This# „name should not be used in other „substitutions."2. Sheet name currently in use in" „existing links. All copies using this name - whether a real sheet „name or just a formal or "dummy" name - will henceforth refer to„the first parameter.€€KEYBOARD€%€If you have a Zenith/Heath h19, ANSI,%€Televideo 910/912/920/925/950, €ADM 3A/31/42 , Hazeltine Esprit, €or DEC VT-100 please see €the notes below about the use of €special keys. €!If your terminal has an up, down,!€left,$€and right arrow key, then those keys$$€will move the cell pointer. If your$&€terminal has a home key, that key will&€move the cell pointer to R1C1.€€Action: Key to use:€€up arrow CTRL-E€down arrow CTRL-X€left arrow CTRL-S€right arrow CTRL-D€cancel CTRL-C"€return,enter RETURN, CTRL-M"%€backspace BACKSPACE, CTRL-H%"€delete DELETE, CTRL-Y" tab TAB, CTRL-I, €CTRL-A€character left CTRL-K€character right CTRL-L€word left CTRL-O€word right CTRL-P€reference @€help ?€next window ;, CTRL-W%€next unlocked cell LINE FEED, CTRL-F%€recalculate !€home CTRL-Q€end CTRL-Z#€page up CTRL-R up-arrow#%€page down CTRL-R down-arrow%%€page left CTRL-R left-arrow%&€page right CTRL-R right-arrow&€"€NOTE: These additional keys can be"$€used on a Zenith/Heath h19 terminal.$$€The numbers on the alternate key pad$&€can be entered by using the shift key.&€€Action: Key to use:€€character left IC€character right DC€word left IL€word right DL€page up f1€page down f2€page left f3€page right f4€end f5€cancel erase€recalculate blue€help red€reference white€"€NOTE: These additional keys can be"€used on an ANSI terminal.$€The numbers on the alternate key pad$&€can be entered by using the shift key.&€AKP is the Alternate Key Pad.€€Action: Key to use:€ €character left 7 on the AKP €character right 9 on the AKP €word left 1 on the AKP €word right 3 on the AKP €$€NOTE: The following keys are used on$€Televideo 910/912/920, and€ADM-3A/31/42 terminals.€€Action: Key to use:€€backspace CTRL-U€character left CTRL-V€character right CTRL-B€$€NOTE: The following keys are used on$!€Televideo 910+/925/950 terminals.!€€Action: Key to use:€€backspace CTRL-B€character left CTRL-U€character right CTRL-J€$€NOTE: The following keys are used on$€the Hazeltine Esprit.€€Action: Key to use:€€backspace CTRL-U€word left CTRL-V€word right CTRL-B€$€NOTE: The following keys are used on$€the DEC VT-100 terminal.€€Action: Key to use:€€character left PF 1€character right PF 2€word left PF 3€word right PF 4€’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’